UG · 3 years · 6 semesters

Bachelor of Laws (LLB) notes — all semesters free study material

The 3-Year Bachelor of Laws (LLB) is the foundational legal degree in India, governed by the Bar Council of India. The curriculum transitions students from understanding the nature of law in the first year to procedural mechanisms in the second, and professional practice in the third year. It prepares students for judicial services, corporate law, litigation, and public policy.

Syllabus map

Semesters & subjects

Select a subject to study its units

Semester 1

5 subjects

Jurisprudence, Constitutional Law I, Law of Contract, Law of Torts, and Family Law I.

LLB101

Jurisprudence I (Legal Theory)

5 units · 4 credits

LLB102

Constitutional Law I

5 units · 4 credits

LLB103

Law of Contract I

5 units · 4 credits

LLB104

Law of Torts (including Consumer Protection)

5 units · 4 credits

LLB105

Family Law I (Hindu Law)

5 units · 4 credits

Open subjects

Semester 2

5 subjects

Jurisprudence II, Constitutional Law II, Special Contracts, Family Law II, and Public International Law.

LLB201

Jurisprudence II (Legal Concepts)

5 units · 4 credits

LLB202

Constitutional Law II

5 units · 4 credits

LLB203

Special Contracts

5 units · 4 credits

LLB204

Family Law II (Muslim Law)

5 units · 4 credits

LLB205

Public International Law

5 units · 4 credits

Open subjects

Semester 3

5 subjects

Criminal Law I (IPC), Company Law, Property Law, Taxation Law, and Labour Law I.

LLB301

Criminal Law I (IPC)

5 units · 4 credits

LLB302

Company Law

5 units · 4 credits

LLB303

Property Law (Transfer of Property Act)

5 units · 4 credits

LLB304

Principles of Taxation Law

5 units · 4 credits

LLB305

Labour and Industrial Law I

5 units · 4 credits

Open subjects

Semester 4

5 subjects

Criminal Procedure Code, Civil Procedure Code, Evidence Act, Labour Law II, and ADR.

LLB401

Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC)

5 units · 4 credits

LLB402

Civil Procedure Code and Limitation Act

5 units · 4 credits

LLB403

Law of Evidence

5 units · 4 credits

LLB404

Alternate Dispute Resolution (ADR)

5 units · 4 credits

LLB405

Labour and Industrial Law II

5 units · 4 credits

Open subjects

Semester 5

5 subjects

Environmental Law, Administrative Law, Drafting & Pleading, Cyber Law, and IPR.

LLB501

Drafting, Pleading and Conveyancing

5 units · 4 credits

LLB502

Administrative Law

5 units · 4 credits

LLB503

Environmental Law

5 units · 4 credits

LLB504

Information Technology Law (Cyber Law)

5 units · 4 credits

LLB505

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)

5 units · 4 credits

Open subjects

Semester 6

5 subjects

Professional Ethics, Interpretation of Statutes, Moot Court, Criminology, and Human Rights.

LLB601

Professional Ethics and Accountancy for Lawyers

5 units · 4 credits

LLB602

Interpretation of Statutes

5 units · 4 credits

LLB603

Moot Court Exercise and Internship

5 units · 4 credits

LLB604

Criminology and Penology

5 units · 4 credits

LLB605

Human Rights Law and Practice

5 units · 4 credits

Open subjects

How the programme is assessed

Most universities assess LLB subjects out of 100 marks, typically divided into an 80-mark university end-semester examination and a 20-mark internal assessment. The internal component often includes moot court assignments, research papers, and case presentations. The university examinations require long-form subjective answers where citing relevant case laws and sections is paramount.

Legal studies are heavily dependent on precedent. Every unit across all subjects revolves around landmark judgements. Merely knowing the statutory provision is insufficient; understanding the judicial interpretation of that provision forms the core of examination answers and professional practice.

The final year shifts focus from substantive law to procedural and practical subjects like Drafting, Pleading & Conveyancing, and Professional Ethics. These subjects bridge the gap between academic knowledge and actual courtroom practice, requiring students to draft legal documents and understand the ethical boundaries of the profession.

Year-by-year study path

Year 1 — Semesters 1 and 2

The foundation of legal reasoning. Jurisprudence establishes what law is, while Constitutional Law, Contracts, Torts, and Family Law introduce the substantive rights and duties of individuals. The focus here is on understanding legal language, statutory interpretation, and reading case laws effectively.

Year 2 — Semesters 3 and 4

The core of litigation and corporate practice. Criminal Law (IPC & CrPC), Civil Procedure Code, Evidence, and Company Law form the bedrock of daily courtroom and corporate work. Mastery of the IPC, CrPC, and CPC in this year is essential for anyone aiming for the judiciary or active litigation.

Year 3 — Semesters 5 and 6

Practical application and specialisation. Subjects like Drafting, Pleading, Moot Court, and Professional Ethics simulate actual legal practice. This year also introduces modern disciplines like Cyber Law, Environmental Law, and Intellectual Property Rights to prepare for contemporary legal challenges.

Questions students ask about this course

How important are case laws in LLB exams?: Absolutely critical. In most Indian universities, an answer without relevant, leading case laws is considered incomplete. Examiners look for the name of the case, the core legal issue, and the ratio decidendi (the rationale for the decision) to award full marks.
Which subjects are most important for Judicial Service Examinations?: Constitutional Law, Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), Civil Procedure Code (CPC), Indian Penal Code (IPC), Indian Evidence Act, Contract Act, and Family Law are the most heavily weighted subjects in almost all state judicial service examinations.
Is the syllabus standard across all Indian universities?: The Bar Council of India mandates a core set of subjects that all universities must teach. While the exact semester placement of a subject (e.g., Company Law in Sem 3 vs Sem 4) might vary slightly between universities like DU, CCSU, or PU, the content and case laws remain universally identical.